diff --git a/packages/iios-service/src/adapters/adapters.spec.ts b/packages/iios-service/src/adapters/adapters.spec.ts
index ff30dd1..8c41bbc 100644
--- a/packages/iios-service/src/adapters/adapters.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/iios-service/src/adapters/adapters.spec.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { describe, it, expect, beforeAll, afterAll, beforeEach } from 'vitest';
 import { PrismaClient } from '@prisma/client';
+import { DlqService } from '../outbox/dlq.service';
 import { resetDb } from '../test-utils/reset-db';
 import { makeFakePorts } from '@insignia/iios-testkit';
 import { IIOS_EVENTS, type CloudEvent } from '@insignia/iios-contracts';
@@ -23,7 +24,7 @@ const SECRET = 'dev-adapter-secret'; // AdapterRegistry default
 const registry = () => new AdapterRegistry();
 const inbound = () => new InboundService(asService, registry());
 const projector = () =>
-  new RawEventProjector(asService, new OutboxBus(), registry(), new IngestService(asService, makeFakePorts(), new ActorResolver(asService)));
+  new RawEventProjector(asService, new OutboxBus(), new DlqService(asService), registry(), new IngestService(asService, makeFakePorts(), new ActorResolver(asService)));
 
 async function rawReceivedEvents(): Promise<CloudEvent[]> {
   const rows = await prisma.iiosOutboxEvent.findMany({ where: { eventType: IIOS_EVENTS.rawReceived }, orderBy: { createdAt: 'asc' } });
diff --git a/packages/iios-service/src/adapters/raw-event.projector.ts b/packages/iios-service/src/adapters/raw-event.projector.ts
index bbfb2bb..b6ae133 100644
--- a/packages/iios-service/src/adapters/raw-event.projector.ts
+++ b/packages/iios-service/src/adapters/raw-event.projector.ts
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import { Injectable, OnModuleInit } from '@nestjs/common';
 import { CloudEvent, IIOS_EVENTS } from '@insignia/iios-contracts';
 import { PrismaService } from '../prisma/prisma.service';
 import { OutboxBus } from '../outbox/outbox.bus';
+import { DlqService } from '../outbox/dlq.service';
 import { AdapterRegistry } from './adapter.registry';
 import { IngestService } from '../interactions/ingest.service';
 
@@ -17,12 +18,14 @@ export class RawEventProjector implements OnModuleInit {
   constructor(
     private readonly prisma: PrismaService,
     private readonly bus: OutboxBus,
+    private readonly dlq: DlqService,
     private readonly registry: AdapterRegistry,
     private readonly ingest: IngestService,
   ) {}
 
   onModuleInit(): void {
-    this.bus.on(IIOS_EVENTS.rawReceived, (p) => void this.onRawReceived(p as CloudEvent).catch(() => {}));
+    this.dlq.registerHandler(this.consumer, (e) => this.onRawReceived(e));
+    this.bus.on(IIOS_EVENTS.rawReceived, (p) => void this.onRawReceived(p as CloudEvent).catch((err) => this.dlq.onConsumerFailure(this.consumer, p as CloudEvent, err)));
   }
 
   async onRawReceived(event: CloudEvent): Promise<void> {
diff --git a/packages/iios-service/src/ai/ai-routing.spec.ts b/packages/iios-service/src/ai/ai-routing.spec.ts
index a490fde..adca2ee 100644
--- a/packages/iios-service/src/ai/ai-routing.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/iios-service/src/ai/ai-routing.spec.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { randomUUID } from 'node:crypto';
 import { describe, it, expect, beforeAll, afterAll, beforeEach } from 'vitest';
 import { PrismaClient } from '@prisma/client';
+import { DlqService } from '../outbox/dlq.service';
 import { resetDb } from '../test-utils/reset-db';
 import { makeFakePorts, makeFakeInference } from '@insignia/iios-testkit';
 import { IIOS_EVENTS, type CloudEvent } from '@insignia/iios-contracts';
@@ -104,7 +105,7 @@ describe('AI × routing (P7, KG-05: AI proposes, never approves)', () => {
 
   it('AiProjector auto-classifies a channel-bearing interaction, idempotently', async () => {
     const { interactionId, event } = await ingestInbound('There is a party at 9 PM tonight!');
-    const p = new AiProjector(asService, new OutboxBus(), ai());
+    const p = new AiProjector(asService, new OutboxBus(), new DlqService(asService), ai());
     await p.onNormalized(event);
     await p.onNormalized(event); // replay
     expect(await prisma.iiosAiJob.count({ where: { interactionId, jobType: 'CLASSIFY' } })).toBe(1);
diff --git a/packages/iios-service/src/ai/ai.projector.ts b/packages/iios-service/src/ai/ai.projector.ts
index c68d043..62ff634 100644
--- a/packages/iios-service/src/ai/ai.projector.ts
+++ b/packages/iios-service/src/ai/ai.projector.ts
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import { Injectable, OnModuleInit } from '@nestjs/common';
 import { CloudEvent, IIOS_EVENTS } from '@insignia/iios-contracts';
 import { PrismaService } from '../prisma/prisma.service';
 import { OutboxBus } from '../outbox/outbox.bus';
+import { DlqService } from '../outbox/dlq.service';
 import { AiJobService } from './ai.service';
 
 /**
@@ -18,11 +19,13 @@ export class AiProjector implements OnModuleInit {
   constructor(
     private readonly prisma: PrismaService,
     private readonly bus: OutboxBus,
+    private readonly dlq: DlqService,
     private readonly ai: AiJobService,
   ) {}
 
   onModuleInit(): void {
-    this.bus.on(IIOS_EVENTS.interactionNormalized, (p) => void this.onNormalized(p as CloudEvent).catch(() => {}));
+    this.dlq.registerHandler(this.consumer, (e) => this.onNormalized(e));
+    this.bus.on(IIOS_EVENTS.interactionNormalized, (p) => void this.onNormalized(p as CloudEvent).catch((err) => this.dlq.onConsumerFailure(this.consumer, p as CloudEvent, err)));
   }
 
   async onNormalized(event: CloudEvent): Promise<void> {
diff --git a/packages/iios-service/src/calendar/calendar-projector.spec.ts b/packages/iios-service/src/calendar/calendar-projector.spec.ts
index 160fb33..d0e49e9 100644
--- a/packages/iios-service/src/calendar/calendar-projector.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/iios-service/src/calendar/calendar-projector.spec.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { randomUUID } from 'node:crypto';
 import { describe, it, expect, beforeAll, afterAll, beforeEach } from 'vitest';
 import { PrismaClient } from '@prisma/client';
+import { DlqService } from '../outbox/dlq.service';
 import { resetDb } from '../test-utils/reset-db';
 import { makeFakePorts, makeFakeInference } from '@insignia/iios-testkit';
 import { IIOS_EVENTS, type CloudEvent } from '@insignia/iios-contracts';
@@ -57,7 +58,7 @@ describe('Calendar reminders + projector (P8)', () => {
       where: { eventType: IIOS_EVENTS.aiArtifactAccepted, aggregateId: artifact!.id },
     })).cloudEvent as unknown as CloudEvent;
 
-    const p = new CalendarProjector(asService, new OutboxBus());
+    const p = new CalendarProjector(asService, new OutboxBus(), new DlqService(asService));
     await p.onArtifactAccepted(event);
     await p.onArtifactAccepted(event); // replay
     const claim = await prisma.iiosAiClaim.findFirstOrThrow({ where: { artifactId: artifact!.id, claimType: 'EVENT' } });
diff --git a/packages/iios-service/src/calendar/calendar.projector.ts b/packages/iios-service/src/calendar/calendar.projector.ts
index 9347af8..9dc875c 100644
--- a/packages/iios-service/src/calendar/calendar.projector.ts
+++ b/packages/iios-service/src/calendar/calendar.projector.ts
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import { Injectable, OnModuleInit } from '@nestjs/common';
 import { CloudEvent, IIOS_EVENTS } from '@insignia/iios-contracts';
 import { PrismaService } from '../prisma/prisma.service';
 import { OutboxBus } from '../outbox/outbox.bus';
+import { DlqService } from '../outbox/dlq.service';
 
 /**
  * P7→P8 auto-bridge (P8). When a P7 AI artifact is accepted and it carries an
@@ -16,10 +17,12 @@ export class CalendarProjector implements OnModuleInit {
   constructor(
     private readonly prisma: PrismaService,
     private readonly bus: OutboxBus,
+    private readonly dlq: DlqService,
   ) {}
 
   onModuleInit(): void {
-    this.bus.on(IIOS_EVENTS.aiArtifactAccepted, (p) => void this.onArtifactAccepted(p as CloudEvent).catch(() => {}));
+    this.dlq.registerHandler(this.consumer, (e) => this.onArtifactAccepted(e));
+    this.bus.on(IIOS_EVENTS.aiArtifactAccepted, (p) => void this.onArtifactAccepted(p as CloudEvent).catch((err) => this.dlq.onConsumerFailure(this.consumer, p as CloudEvent, err)));
   }
 
   async onArtifactAccepted(event: CloudEvent): Promise<void> {
diff --git a/packages/iios-service/src/inbox/inbox.projector.ts b/packages/iios-service/src/inbox/inbox.projector.ts
index 0f49816..819cdc6 100644
--- a/packages/iios-service/src/inbox/inbox.projector.ts
+++ b/packages/iios-service/src/inbox/inbox.projector.ts
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import { Prisma } from '@prisma/client';
 import { CloudEvent, IIOS_EVENTS } from '@insignia/iios-contracts';
 import { PrismaService } from '../prisma/prisma.service';
 import { OutboxBus } from '../outbox/outbox.bus';
+import { DlqService } from '../outbox/dlq.service';
 
 interface MessageSentData {
   interactionId: string;
@@ -28,11 +29,13 @@ export class InboxProjector implements OnModuleInit {
   constructor(
     private readonly prisma: PrismaService,
     private readonly bus: OutboxBus,
+    private readonly dlq: DlqService,
   ) {}
 
   onModuleInit(): void {
-    this.bus.on(IIOS_EVENTS.messageSent, (p) => void this.onMessageSent(p as CloudEvent).catch(() => {}));
-    this.bus.on(IIOS_EVENTS.messageRead, (p) => void this.onMessageRead(p as CloudEvent).catch(() => {}));
+    this.dlq.registerHandler(this.consumer, (e) => this.onMessageSent(e));
+    this.bus.on(IIOS_EVENTS.messageSent, (p) => void this.onMessageSent(p as CloudEvent).catch((err) => this.dlq.onConsumerFailure(this.consumer, p as CloudEvent, err)));
+    this.bus.on(IIOS_EVENTS.messageRead, (p) => void this.onMessageRead(p as CloudEvent).catch((err) => this.dlq.onConsumerFailure(this.consumer, p as CloudEvent, err)));
   }
 
   async onMessageSent(event: CloudEvent): Promise<void> {
diff --git a/packages/iios-service/src/inbox/inbox.spec.ts b/packages/iios-service/src/inbox/inbox.spec.ts
index f0e55f3..3569459 100644
--- a/packages/iios-service/src/inbox/inbox.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/iios-service/src/inbox/inbox.spec.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { describe, it, expect, beforeAll, afterAll, beforeEach } from 'vitest';
 import { PrismaClient } from '@prisma/client';
+import { DlqService } from '../outbox/dlq.service';
 import { resetDb } from '../test-utils/reset-db';
 import { makeFakePorts } from '@insignia/iios-testkit';
 import { IIOS_EVENTS, PolicyDeniedError, type CloudEvent } from '@insignia/iios-contracts';
@@ -15,7 +16,7 @@ const prisma = new PrismaClient({ datasources: { db: { url } } });
 const asService = prisma as unknown as PrismaService;
 const actors = new ActorResolver(asService);
 const ms = () => new MessageService(asService, makeFakePorts(), actors);
-const projector = () => new InboxProjector(asService, new OutboxBus());
+const projector = () => new InboxProjector(asService, new OutboxBus(), new DlqService(asService));
 
 const alice: MessagePrincipal = { userId: 'alice', orgId: 'org_demo', appId: 'portal-demo', displayName: 'Alice' };
 const bob: MessagePrincipal = { userId: 'bob', orgId: 'org_demo', appId: 'portal-demo', displayName: 'Bob' };
diff --git a/packages/iios-service/src/outbox/chaos.spec.ts b/packages/iios-service/src/outbox/chaos.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9b41103
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/iios-service/src/outbox/chaos.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+import { randomUUID } from 'node:crypto';
+import { describe, it, expect, beforeAll, afterAll, beforeEach } from 'vitest';
+import { PrismaClient } from '@prisma/client';
+import { resetDb } from '../test-utils/reset-db';
+import { makeFakePorts, makeFakeInference } from '@insignia/iios-testkit';
+import { IIOS_EVENTS, type CloudEvent } from '@insignia/iios-contracts';
+import { ActorResolver } from '../identity/actor.resolver';
+import { IngestService } from '../interactions/ingest.service';
+import { AiJobService } from '../ai/ai.service';
+import { AiBudgetGuard } from '../ai/ai-budget.guard';
+import { AiProjector } from '../ai/ai.projector';
+import { OutboxBus } from './outbox.bus';
+import { DlqService } from './dlq.service';
+import type { PrismaService } from '../prisma/prisma.service';
+
+const url = process.env.DATABASE_URL ?? 'postgresql://iios:iios@localhost:5434/iios?schema=public';
+const prisma = new PrismaClient({ datasources: { db: { url } } });
+const asService = prisma as unknown as PrismaService;
+const actors = new ActorResolver(asService);
+const ai = () => new AiJobService(asService, makeFakePorts(), makeFakeInference(), new AiBudgetGuard(asService), actors);
+
+async function ingestInbound(text: string): Promise<{ interactionId: string; scopeId: string; event: CloudEvent }> {
+  const ingest = new IngestService(asService, makeFakePorts(), actors);
+  const res = await ingest.ingest(
+    {
+      scope: { orgId: 'org_demo', appId: 'portal-demo' },
+      channel: { type: 'WEBHOOK', externalChannelId: 'webhook' },
+      source: { handleKind: 'EXTERNAL_VISITOR', externalId: 'ext-1' },
+      kind: 'MESSAGE',
+      thread: { externalThreadId: `wh-${randomUUID().slice(0, 6)}` },
+      parts: [{ kind: 'TEXT', bodyText: text }],
+      occurredAt: new Date().toISOString(),
+      providerEventId: `pe-${randomUUID()}`,
+    },
+    `ing-${randomUUID()}`,
+  );
+  const interaction = await prisma.iiosInteraction.findUniqueOrThrow({ where: { id: res.interactionId } });
+  const ev = (await prisma.iiosOutboxEvent.findFirstOrThrow({
+    where: { eventType: IIOS_EVENTS.interactionNormalized, aggregateId: res.interactionId },
+  })).cloudEvent as unknown as CloudEvent;
+  return { interactionId: res.interactionId, scopeId: interaction.scopeId, event: ev };
+}
+
+beforeAll(async () => { await prisma.$connect(); });
+afterAll(async () => { await prisma.$disconnect(); });
+beforeEach(async () => { await resetDb(prisma); });
+
+describe('chaos: poison consumer → DLQ → replay (P9)', () => {
+  it('a consumer failure is dead-lettered (not swallowed), the lane keeps flowing, and replay resolves it', async () => {
+    const dlq = new DlqService(asService);
+    const projector = new AiProjector(asService, new OutboxBus(), dlq, ai());
+    dlq.registerHandler('ai-projector', (e) => projector.onNormalized(e)); // healthy handler for replay
+
+    const poison = await ingestInbound('There is a party at 9 PM tonight!');
+    // Simulate the consumer crashing on the poison (exactly what the projector's .catch does).
+    await prisma.iiosProcessedEvent.create({ data: { consumerName: 'ai-projector', eventId: poison.event.id } }); // claimed-then-failed
+    await dlq.onConsumerFailure('ai-projector', poison.event, new Error('chaos: AI down'));
+
+    // Dead-lettered (tenant-tagged), claim cleared, and NOT processed.
+    const item = await prisma.iiosDlqItem.findFirstOrThrow({ where: { consumerName: 'ai-projector' } });
+    expect(item.scopeId).toBe(poison.scopeId);
+    expect(item.status).toBe('QUARANTINED');
+    expect(await prisma.iiosProcessedEvent.count({ where: { consumerName: 'ai-projector', eventId: poison.event.id } })).toBe(0);
+    expect(await prisma.iiosAiJob.count({ where: { interactionId: poison.interactionId } })).toBe(0);
+
+    // Lane not starved: a SIBLING event still processes through the healthy consumer.
+    const sibling = await ingestInbound('Team standup notes are posted.');
+    await projector.onNormalized(sibling.event);
+    expect(await prisma.iiosAiJob.count({ where: { interactionId: sibling.interactionId } })).toBe(1);
+
+    // Replay the poison → the registered handler re-runs it → RESOLVED + now processed.
+    const r = await dlq.replay(item.id);
+    expect(r.status).toBe('RESOLVED');
+    expect(await prisma.iiosAiJob.count({ where: { interactionId: poison.interactionId } })).toBe(1);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/packages/iios-service/src/outbox/dlq.service.ts b/packages/iios-service/src/outbox/dlq.service.ts
index 4470040..4b0c218 100644
--- a/packages/iios-service/src/outbox/dlq.service.ts
+++ b/packages/iios-service/src/outbox/dlq.service.ts
@@ -85,7 +85,9 @@ export class DlqService {
     // Projection failure: clear the claim + await the registered handler.
     if (item.consumerName && item.payloadRef && this.handlers.has(item.consumerName)) {
       await this.prisma.iiosProcessedEvent.deleteMany({ where: { consumerName: item.consumerName, eventId: item.sourceId } });
-      const evt = await this.prisma.iiosOutboxEvent.findUnique({ where: { eventId: item.payloadRef } });
+      // The DLQ item references the CloudEvent by its own `id` (not the outbox row's cuid),
+      // so recover the payload by matching cloudEvent->>'id'.
+      const evt = await this.prisma.iiosOutboxEvent.findFirst({ where: { cloudEvent: { path: ['id'], equals: item.payloadRef } } });
       if (!evt) throw new NotFoundException('event payload not found');
       try {
         await this.handlers.get(item.consumerName)!(evt.cloudEvent as unknown as CloudEvent);
diff --git a/packages/iios-service/src/outbox/outbox.relay.ts b/packages/iios-service/src/outbox/outbox.relay.ts
index 6f6f1ca..7ac61d4 100644
--- a/packages/iios-service/src/outbox/outbox.relay.ts
+++ b/packages/iios-service/src/outbox/outbox.relay.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { Injectable, Logger, OnModuleDestroy, OnModuleInit } from '@nestjs/common';
 import { PrismaService } from '../prisma/prisma.service';
 import { OutboxBus } from './outbox.bus';
+import { DlqService } from './dlq.service';
 import { logJson } from '../observability/logger';
 
 /**
@@ -17,9 +18,12 @@ export class OutboxRelay implements OnModuleInit, OnModuleDestroy {
   private readonly logger = new Logger(OutboxRelay.name);
   private timer?: ReturnType<typeof setInterval>;
 
+  private readonly maxAttempts = Number(process.env.IIOS_OUTBOX_MAX_ATTEMPTS ?? 5);
+
   constructor(
     private readonly prisma: PrismaService,
     private readonly bus: OutboxBus,
+    private readonly dlq: DlqService,
   ) {}
 
   // Tests construct via `new OutboxRelay(...)`, so onModuleInit never runs there
@@ -68,11 +72,18 @@ export class OutboxRelay implements OnModuleInit, OnModuleDestroy {
           data: { status: 'PUBLISHED', publishedAt: new Date() },
         });
         published++;
-      } catch {
-        await this.prisma.iiosOutboxEvent.update({
-          where: { eventId },
-          data: { status: 'PENDING', nextAttemptAt: new Date(Date.now() + 30_000) },
-        });
+      } catch (err) {
+        // After maxAttempts, stop retrying forever — dead-letter the event (KG-13).
+        if (evt.attempts >= this.maxAttempts) {
+          const ce = evt.cloudEvent as { insignia?: { scopeSnapshotId?: string } } | null;
+          await this.prisma.iiosOutboxEvent.update({ where: { eventId }, data: { status: 'FAILED' } });
+          await this.dlq.record({ sourceType: 'outbox', sourceId: eventId, failureStage: 'relay.publish', errorCode: (err as Error)?.message?.slice(0, 160), payloadRef: eventId, scopeId: ce?.insignia?.scopeSnapshotId });
+        } else {
+          await this.prisma.iiosOutboxEvent.update({
+            where: { eventId },
+            data: { status: 'PENDING', nextAttemptAt: new Date(Date.now() + 30_000) },
+          });
+        }
       }
     }
     return published;
diff --git a/packages/iios-service/src/outbox/replay.spec.ts b/packages/iios-service/src/outbox/replay.spec.ts
index 0d33fff..bc8205f 100644
--- a/packages/iios-service/src/outbox/replay.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/iios-service/src/outbox/replay.spec.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { describe, it, expect, beforeAll, afterAll, beforeEach } from 'vitest';
 import { PrismaClient } from '@prisma/client';
+import { DlqService } from '../outbox/dlq.service';
 import { resetDb } from '../test-utils/reset-db';
 import { makeFakePorts, portalMessageBasic, replayTwice, isIdempotent } from '@insignia/iios-testkit';
 import { IngestService } from '../interactions/ingest.service';
@@ -36,7 +37,7 @@ describe('outbox relay + replay', () => {
     const bus = new OutboxBus();
     const received: string[] = [];
     bus.onAny((eventType) => received.push(eventType));
-    const relay = new OutboxRelay(asService, bus);
+    const relay = new OutboxRelay(asService, bus, new DlqService(asService));
 
     await ingest.ingest(portalMessageBasic, portalMessageBasic.providerEventId!);
 
diff --git a/packages/iios-service/src/routing/route.projector.ts b/packages/iios-service/src/routing/route.projector.ts
index e723853..d9e1845 100644
--- a/packages/iios-service/src/routing/route.projector.ts
+++ b/packages/iios-service/src/routing/route.projector.ts
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import { Injectable, OnModuleInit } from '@nestjs/common';
 import { CloudEvent, IIOS_EVENTS } from '@insignia/iios-contracts';
 import { PrismaService } from '../prisma/prisma.service';
 import { OutboxBus } from '../outbox/outbox.bus';
+import { DlqService } from '../outbox/dlq.service';
 import { RouteService } from './route.service';
 
 /**
@@ -18,11 +19,13 @@ export class RouteProjector implements OnModuleInit {
   constructor(
     private readonly prisma: PrismaService,
     private readonly bus: OutboxBus,
+    private readonly dlq: DlqService,
     private readonly routes: RouteService,
   ) {}
 
   onModuleInit(): void {
-    this.bus.on(IIOS_EVENTS.interactionNormalized, (p) => void this.onNormalized(p as CloudEvent).catch(() => {}));
+    this.dlq.registerHandler(this.consumer, (e) => this.onNormalized(e));
+    this.bus.on(IIOS_EVENTS.interactionNormalized, (p) => void this.onNormalized(p as CloudEvent).catch((err) => this.dlq.onConsumerFailure(this.consumer, p as CloudEvent, err)));
   }
 
   async onNormalized(event: CloudEvent): Promise<void> {
diff --git a/packages/iios-service/src/routing/route.spec.ts b/packages/iios-service/src/routing/route.spec.ts
index 7561bf9..d86e09a 100644
--- a/packages/iios-service/src/routing/route.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/iios-service/src/routing/route.spec.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { randomUUID } from 'node:crypto';
 import { describe, it, expect, beforeAll, afterAll, beforeEach } from 'vitest';
 import { PrismaClient, IiosRouteMode } from '@prisma/client';
+import { DlqService } from '../outbox/dlq.service';
 import { resetDb } from '../test-utils/reset-db';
 import { makeFakePorts } from '@insignia/iios-testkit';
 import { MessageService, type MessagePrincipal } from '../messaging/message.service';
@@ -159,7 +160,7 @@ describe('RouteService approve/deny → execute (P6)', () => {
 
 describe('RouteProjector — AUTOMATIC forwarding (P6)', () => {
   const routeSvc = () => new RouteService(asService, new RouteSimulator(asService, new RuleEngine()), new OutboundService(asService, new CapabilityBroker(makeFakePorts(), new CapabilityProviderRegistry())), actors);
-  const projector = () => new RouteProjector(asService, new OutboxBus(), routeSvc());
+  const projector = () => new RouteProjector(asService, new OutboxBus(), new DlqService(asService), routeSvc());
 
   // Ingest an inbound (channel-bearing) interaction — routable, unlike native DMs.
   async function ingestInbound(text: string): Promise<{ interactionId: string; scopeId: string; event: CloudEvent }> {